Exhaust muffler



April 9, 1929- o. F. WARHUS 1,708,002

EXHAUST MUFFLER Filed March 5, 192'? 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTO 7 M o. F.WARHUb 1,708,002?

EXHAUST MUFFLER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 192'? ,iiii

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 9, 1929.

UNITED STATES I 1,708,002 PATENT OFFICE.

OLIVER IE. WARHUS, 01's ALBANY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO VERSARECORPORATION,

I A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

EXHAUST MUFFLER.

Application filed March 3, 1927. Serial No. 172,219.

I This invention relates to exhaust mufliers for motors. Many attemptshave-been made to produce an exhaust muffler which will-eliminate the'noise of the exhaust gases and which will cause but little backpressure on the motor. Most of these attempts have been based upon thegradual expansion principle according to which the exhaust gases areallowed to expand gradually before they are exhausted into theatmosphere to reduce their temperature and pressure. In other attemptsdevices have been employed to break up or sub-divide the stream of gasesin order to reduce the noise of the exhaust. So far as I am aware noonehas produced a practical type of exhaust mufiler operating upon eitherof these principles that will reduce the exhaust noise to the requireddegree and which will not exert objectionable back pressure on themotor. It hasalso been attempted to reduce the temperature and pressureof the exhaust gases by passing them through a condenser and thenexhausting them directly into the F atmosphere. However, a condenseralone, if

- built within practical limits, does not muffle shown in the exhaustnoise at'all times to a desirable extent. '0 v The principal object ofthis invention is to provide an improved exhaust muffler which isthoroughly practical in construction, and which will substantiallyeliminate the noise of the exhaust without exertingany appreciable backpressure on the engine.

An exhaust mufller constructed in accordance with the invention isillustrated in. the accompanying drawings, in which-':

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine. and theimproved exhaust muflier; I

Fig. 2 is a top plan View of the construction Fig. 1; r Fig. 3 is anenlarged horizontal cross section of one part of the muffler;

Fig. 4 is a transverse section line of Fig. 3;-

Fig. 5 is aif enlarged horizontal cross section of one of the exhaustnozzles; and

Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5. J

taken on the The particular exhaust mufller shown in I the'drawings wasespecially designed for use in connection with the internal combustionengine of an automobile coach or truck, but it may be used on anyvehicle where it is .de-

The header 5 is connected at-S to the exhaust pipe 2, and the header 6is connected at 9 to the device ,to be hereinafter described. Theheader-5 may be provided with a series of transverse rods 10 which servetodistribute the gasesas they flow into thetubes-7. When the mufller'isused on a vehicle the tubes-7 preferably'extend transversely of thevehicle and are exposed to the air so that when the vehicle is in motionthe air current will cool the tubes. The tubes may be cooled if desiredin any other suitable way. Preferably the tubes are arranged 1n severalhorizontal rows. In the drawing two horizontal rows of tubes are shownand preferably the tubes of one row are staggered with respect to thetubes of the adj acent row as shown in Fig. 1.

The header 6, also having transverse gas distributing rods 10,communicates with a pipe 11 having a series of longitudinal slots 12, asbest shown in Fig. 3. The gases leaving the header 6 pass outwardlythrough the slots 12-into a housing 13 which encloses the pipe 11,. Aconical deflector 1 1 assists in 'defleeting the gases outwardly throughthe slots 12. The gases then pass from the housing 13 through a pair ofpipes 15 each of which is provided with an exhaust nozzle 16.

end 17 adapted to be-connected with the circular pipe 15, and aflattened or extended exhaust opening shown at 18. I

The exhaust gases pass from the exhaust pipe 2 through the header 5 andare distributed to the tubes 7 'where they are cooled. As the gases passthrough the tubes 7 their ternperature is reduced and their pressure isreduced. The combined cross sectional area of the passages in the tubes7 is greaterthan the cross sectional area of the passage in the exhaustpipe 2 so that the condenser will cause no back pressure on the engine.The

fact that the combined area of the passages in the tubes 7 is greaterthan the area of the passage in the pipe 2 also results in someexpansion of the gases which tends to reduce their temperature andpressure. When the gases reach the pipe 11 they have been diminished involume, temperature and pres-- sure. The gas stream in passing outwardlythrough the slots 12 is broken up or sub-divided into a number ofsmaller streams. The combined cross sectional area of the slots 12 isgreater than the cross sectional area of the passage in the pipe 11.Therefore, no back pressure is caused by the passage of the gasesthrough the slots. The capacity of the housing 13 is great enough toreceive the gases issuing from the slots 12 without causing any backpressure. The exhaust gases then pass through the pipes 15 the passagesof which have a combined area which is preferably no less than the areaof the space within the housing 13 so that no back pressure is caused bythe passage of the gases through these pipes.

It has been found, in practice, that a muffler constructed as abovedescribed substantially eliminates the noise of the exhaust and that thehorse-power of the engine is not at all. affected by the use of themuffler, showing that the muffler causes no appreciable back pressure onthe engine. The gases issuing from the exhaust nozzles 15 are onlyslightly higher in temperature and pressure than the atmosphere. It hasbeen found that the condenser alone does not entirely eliminate thenoise of the exhaust, especially at certain speeds of the engine. Bybreaking up or subdividing and expanding the stream of gas leaving thecondenser in the manner described above, it has been found thatpractically all of the noise of the exhaust may be eliminated at alltimes. The use of the housing 1;3 and its instrumentalities bythemselves without the condenser would not entirely eliminate the noise.Moreover, if these parts were used by themselves or ahead of thecondenser they would cause objectionable back pressure on the enginebecause the gases which would then be passed through the pipe 11 and theslots 12 would have high pressure, temperature and velocity. Bycondensing the gases before they pass into the break-up device 111213the temperature, pressure, volume and velocity of the gases are soreduced that the break-up device causes no appreciable back pressure. IIt will therefore be seen that before the gases are allowed to passthrough a break-up or gas expansion device which would otherwise causeback pressure on the engine they are first placed in a condition byreason of which the break-up device can perform its function withoutcausing any back pressure.

I claim:

1. The combination with an engine exhaust pipe of a mufiier comprising acondenser ing a combined cross sectional area which is greater than thecross sectional area of the passage in said pipe, and a device having anentrance opening in communication with the condenser, a. plurality ofseparate transverse gas deflectors and a plurality of exhaust openingsthrough which the exhaust gases may pass to break up or sub-divide thegas stream, thecombincd cross sectional area of said exhaust openingsbeing greater than the cross sectional area of said entrance opening.

2. The combination with an exhaust pipe of a muffler comprising acondenser adapted to be connected with said pipe and provided with aplurality of tubes through which the exhaust gases may pass in aunidirectional flow, the passages in said tubes having a combined crosssectional area which is greater than the cross sectional area of thepassage in said pipe, a conduit one end of which constitutes an entranceopening in communication with the condenser, said conduit having aplurality of exhaust openings in its side walls through which theexhaust gases may pass radially outwardly tobreak up or subdivide thegas stream, the combined cross sectional area of said exhaust openingsbeing greater than the cross sectional area of said entrance opening,and a housing surrounding said conduit for receiving all of the gasesdischarged by said exhaust openings.

3. The combination with an engine exhaust pipe of a'muttler comprising acondenser adapted to be connected with said pipe and provided with aplurality of tubes through which the exhaust gases may pass inunidirectional flow, the passages in said tubes having a combined crosssectional area which is greater than the cross sectional area of thepassage in said pipe, a conduit one end of which constitutes an entranceopening in communication with the condenser, said conduit having aplurality of exhaust openings in its side walls throu h Which theexhaust gases may pass outwardly to break up or subdivide the gasstream, the combined cross sectional area of said exhaust openings beinggreater than the cross sectional area of said entrance opening, adeflector in the conduit, a housing surrounding said conduit forreceiving the gases discharged by said exhaust openings and at least oneexhaust pipe con nected with said housing.

4. The combination with an engine exhaust pipe of a mufiier comprising acondenser adapted to be connected With said pipe and provided with aplurality of tubes through which the exhaust gases may pass, thepassages in said tubes having a combined cross sectional area which isgreater than the cross entrance opening in communication with thecondenser, said conduit having a plurality of exhaust openings in itsside walls through 'which theexhaust gases may pass radially outwardlyto break up or sub-divide the gas stream, the combined cross sectionalarea of said exhaust openings being greater than the cross sectionalarea of said entrance opening, a housing surrounding said conduit forreceiving the gases discharged by said exhaust openings, and a pluralityof outletpipes connected with said housing, the combined cross sectionalarea of the outlet pipe passages being no less than the cross sectionalarea of the space in said housing.

5. The combination with an engine exhaust pipe of a header connectedtothe pipe, a mufier comprising a multiple tube condenser connected inparallel to the header, a conduit having an opening in communicationwith the other ends ofthe several condenser tubes, this conduit having aplurality of apertures in its surface through which the exhaust gasesmay pass radially outwardly to subdivide the gas stream, the combinedcrosssectional area of the apertures being greater than thecross-sectional area of the conduit opening; a core deflector in theconduit opposite theapertures, and a housing surrounds ing the conduitto receive all of the gases discharged by said openings.

In testimony whereof I affix my slgnature.

QJOLIVER F. WARHUS,

